The growing demand for effective, safe, and sustainable cosmetic products has driven significant advancements in cosmetic science, particularly through the integration of biomimetic materials. Biomimetic materials are engineered to imitate natural biological structures and processes of human skin, enabling improved compatibility and targeted performance. In next-generation cosmetics, these materials are designed to replicate intrinsic skin functions such as barrier repair, hydration maintenance, cellular communication, and protection against environmental stressors. Biomimetic peptides, lipids, ceramides, and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) analogues closely resemble endogenous skin components, thereby enhancing dermal–epidermal junction integrity, reducing trans epidermal water loss, and promoting visible anti-aging effects. Furthermore, biomimetic delivery systems, including lipid-based vesicles and nanocarriers, facilitate controlled release and deeper penetration of active ingredients, improving product efficacy and sensory attributes. The incorporation of eco-inspired biomimetic designs also supports sustainability by replacing conventional synthetic ingredients with bioequivalent alternatives that align with biological functions while minimizing environmental impact.